Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder characterized by episodic constriction of small arteries and arterioles, most commonly affecting the extremities. The prevalence of RP in the general population is estimated to be approximately 5%, referring to Raynaud phenomenon overall rather than exclusively to primary Raynaud phenomenon (PRP). To date, there are no published epidemiological studies specifically addressing the prevalence of RP in Portugal. Some studies suggest that PRP may be more common, affecting 2–20% of women and 1–12% of men, and approximately half of patients report a family history, particularly females and those with early-onset disease.
RP may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to underlying diseases, particularly connective tissue disorders, most notably systemic sclerosis (SSc). As such, it represents an important window of opportunity for early diagnosis. Despite its prevalence, the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic strategies remain complex and heterogeneous.